On the right top core of IE11, click "Settings" (the gear icon) -> Click "Advance" tab -> scroll down to "Browsing" secition -> Clear "Disable script debugging (Internet Explorer)
Another trick is to add "debugger;" to your javascript, it will stop there when you debug on other browsers (like Chrome, Edge, etc). This will resolve the issue that even script debugging is enabled, but debug still doesn't stop (probably because the old script is cached).
Visual Studio menu of debugging has an option to attach to the browser. This also allows you to choose script debugging, just not as convenient.